Training Of Primary School Teachers Research Articles

The Use of Digital Technologies in Professional Training of Primary School Teachers

The growing significance of digital technologies in society creates a need to train teachers who can use these technologies in the educational process and prepare students for life in the digital world. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of digital technologies used in professional training of primary school teachers on increasing their professional competence level. The adapted versions of Ferrell & Daniel’s test for Measuring Teacher Career Motivations, the Orshanski’s orientation of future teachers towards humanistic and professional value were used to diagnose the state of development of professional competence. The level of the development of the subject-subjective model of pedagogical communication (modified test based on Sternberg & Williams, Alexander & Winne) and the level of projective skills in primary school teachers were also diagnosed. The students’ performance was assessed based on the results of the examinations. Chi-squared test (χ2) was used for statistical confirmation of the conducted research. Positive dynamics were found in both groups after the formative stage of the experiment. However, the experimental group was noted for greater quantitative and qualitative improvement for the selected criteria. The largest changes were observed for the operational criterion with a difference of 15.40% (against 7.90% in the control group). The cognitive criterion showed the smallest increase: 8.5% in the experimental group compared to 3.4% in the control group. The high general mean showed a difference of 11.22% for the experimental group and 5.1% for the control group. It is also important to note a greater increase in the average indicator at the general level in the experimental group of 52.04% compared to 40.82% in the control group. The differences in the distributions of the control and experimental groups according to the levels of each criterion are statistically reliable and testify to the effectiveness of using digital technologies for the development of professional competence of future primary school teachers. The areas for further research include the analysis of the impact of digital technologies on the development of information literacy skills and critical thinking.

Factors Influencing the Provision of Professional Development among Primary School Teachers in Kahama Municipality, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania

Teachers are a way to enact any educational reforms since they have significant power over what is taught in the classroom. According to the research conducted by [1], it has been suggested that; to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of teachers, it is imperative to recognise the significance of professional development (PD) courses, specifically those focused on in-service education and training for primary school teachers (Inset-PST). The study examined the factors influencing the provision of professional development among primary school teachers in Kahama Municipality, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania. Under the mixed research approach, a convergent parallel research design was adopted. A questionnaire and an interview were employed, and a sample size of 112 was used. The results indicated that teachers’ competences, development of science and technology, challenges in teaching and learning, academic performance of the learner and employer needs are factors that influence the provision of professional development programmes. According to the study's results, there is a need for professional development programs for teachers in public primary schools because they are influenced by a variety of internal and external influences. To improve the delivery of high-quality education, the study recommended that educational leaders should ensure that public primary school teachers are given access to professional development programmes and actively participate in them.

Analysis of joint action between trainer and teachers in an in-service training system through the prism of a comparative approach in didactics

Our study focuses on the effective implementation of constellations, an institutional scheme for the in-service training of primary school teachers of mathematics and French, established in France since 2020. Based on a bottom-up training model, this scheme aims to encourage reflexive analysis of practices among peers, based on professional needs. In this article, we adopt a comparative approach in didactics in the French tradition to studying the processes of co-development of the work object, entitled ‘problematic’, by trainer and teachers during training situations in two constellations in different disciplinary and geographical contexts. The methodology combines different levels of analysis in order to document the work of trainers in association with management by leaders, and to ascertain their practical epistemology.

In-Service Primary School Teacher Training Programmes in South Sudan

During the war of independence, it was found that South Sudan had one of the worst educational indicators. About sixty percent of the teachers were untrained and many of them were primary school drop-outs. The Government of the Republic of South Sudan addressed this problem in various ways including pre-service, in-service teacher training and accelerated learning programmes. This paper investigates the in-service and accelerated learning teacher training programmes. Data was collected from various NGO reports, interviews with persons directly involved in primary teacher training in South Sudan and secondary literature. The in-service and accelerated teacher training programmes generally resulted in raising the level of education and training of the serving but untrained teachers in South Sudan.

Evaluating the Impact of Training Teachers to Identify Learning Disabilities: A Pre-experimental Study on Knowledge Enhancement.

Introduction Learning disability (LD) affects many school-going children and is seldom recognized or treated. As teachers spend time with students, they can easily recognize LD by observing academic activities and behaviors. In this context, the present study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices of teachers regarding LD and evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on teachers' knowledge regarding LD and its screening and referral. Methods A pre-experimental study, including pre-post interventional assessments of teachers, was conducted from June 2018 to December 2019. A universal sample of 150 teachers from 10 schools teaching primary (first to fifth grade) and upper primary (sixth to eight grade) grades was included. Their knowledge about LD was assessed using the Dyslexia Assessment for the Languages of India (DALI), and an educational intervention for assessing, screening, and identifying LD was implemented. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Using descriptive statistics (mean, median, and standard deviation). The pre-post test results were compared using the McNemar test. Results Overall knowledge about LD was 24.7% at baseline, and improved to 76% post-intervention (p<0.001). The knowledge for most of the components showed improvement. Teachers with a good level of knowledge increased from 21% to 84%. Post-intervention screening of students increased from 0.53% to 13.37%. The suspicion rate for LD increased from 0.04% to 1.94% post-intervention. Conclusion Knowledge about LD was poor among the school teachers. However, the overall knowledge about LD, its specific domains, screening as well as actual LD screening significantly improved after the intervention (p<0.001). This emphasizes the need of training primary and post-primary school teachers about LD and the services available for children with LD.

The Impact of Service Quality on Teachers’ Satisfaction: The Case of Battambang Teacher Education College

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the English Literacy Training Project (ELTP) on the satisfaction of primary school teacher trainees at Battambang Teacher Education College (BTEC), with a specific emphasis on the quality of service provided. Adopting a quantitative research approach, the study distributed 141 questionnaires using random sampling techniques and analyzed the data through descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis, incorporating Pearson's correlation and regression analyses, aimed to clarify the relationships and effects posited by the research hypotheses. The findings highlighted that the quality of service, across five dimensions—reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy, and responsiveness—played a significant role in influencing the satisfaction levels of the primary school teacher trainees. Based on these insights, the study suggests improvements that could yield substantial and lasting benefits for both the project's implementers and the educators at BTEC. The importance of this study stems from its demonstration of the crucial role that efficient operational services play in elevating the satisfaction of primary school teacher trainees. It offers valuable guidance for organizations to examine service quality more critically and identify areas where beneficiary satisfaction may be lacking, thereby facilitating ongoing enhancements to service delivery.

INNOVATIVE TRAINING OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: ANALYSIS OF TRAINING LEVEL AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

The article is devoted to an innovative approach to the organization of high-quality education in the training of future primary school teachers from the point of view of modern education and methodology. As an urgent research problem of the modern education system in the formation and development of innovative opportunities for future teachers in their professional activities, their own judgments and conclusions are presented. The article conducts research and presents the results related to determining the meaningful level of preparation of future primary school teachers for innovative professional activities. The authors analyzed the works of foreign and domestic scientists, guided by regulatory documents. As a result of the analysis, the directions of training future specialists were discussed, which will serve as an impetus for the trajectory of professional development based on the innovative activities of students. The authors of the article also developed an author’s survey “What do you know about innovative professional activity” in order to determine the meaningful level of research work. The survey was organized on the basis of empirical methods. 123 students of the educational program 6B130100 - “pedagogy and methods of primary education” took part in the author’s survey, an analysis of the results of the content level and ideas about the need for innovation in future professions was carried out. Analyzing the results of the author’s survey, it was found that students have difficulty understanding the meaning of the concepts of “professional activity”, “innovative activity”, have a desire to use innovative technologies in the educational process, but have low knowledge of new technologies, as well as conclusions that innovative activity is necessary and should be developed for the professional growth of a teacher.. During the analysis of the research results, innovative training of future primary school teachers is being formed. Keywords: future teacher of primary school; innovative activity; professional specialty; experiment; author questionnaire.

Transformation of the vocational training of primary school teachers in the context of bioengineering development

The article is devoted to the problem of transformation of the future primary school teachers vocational training, taking into account the socio-cultural challenges existing in the country and the world. The authors note the relevance of this problem both from a theoretical point of view and at the practical level. Based on the theoretical and methodological analysis of normative documents, the authors reveal the features of innovations in the general education system and present variants for training a “new” primary school teacher depending on technological development, in particular bioengineering. The article presents a model of criteria-based assessment of the educational outcomes in primary school, which was developed taking into account the requirements of the updated Federal State Educational Standard and the Federal Educational Program. In this regard, the authors pay attention to the formation of new meta-professional competencies of the teacher, contributing to the organization of the educational process in accordance with the technological progress. Summarizing and interpreting the opinions of scholars, the authors come to the conclusion that in the course of training future primary school teachers, it is necessary to develop a set of pedagogical and methodological measures that will become the basis for improving the quality of education in the Russian Federation. Comparative analysis of various aspects of vocational training allowed the authors to develop a model of transformation of vocational training of primary school teachers that meets modern socio-cultural challenges. The authors are convinced that the involvement of students – future primary school teachers - in scientific and methodological activities contributes to the formation of their conscious teaching position, corresponding to new socio-cultural requirements and the methodology of engineering. The article is addressed to specialists of general, secondary vocational and higher education, as well as those who are interested in the problems of modern education.

Peningkatan kompetensi profesional guru SD melalui pelatihan pengembangan Iceberg matematika realistik berbasis budaya lokal

Mathematics education needs to be taught meaningfully using problem contexts and facilitating reasoning, modeling, collaboration, and connection with other mathematical concepts. This community service project aimed to train primary school teachers in developing Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) 'icebergs' utilizing the local cultural context of Magetan. Twelve primary school teachers in Magetan participated in the RME training, which focused on developing the RME 'icebergs' through exploratory and contextual approaches. The research method included face-to-face sessions, group discussions, and individual tasks to design relevant learning materials. The training results showed significant improvement in the understanding and application of RME. Before the training, teachers faced challenges in engaging students in grades 4-6 and in using local context in mathematics teaching. Post-training, 67% of the teachers demonstrated a positive change in their teaching approach, shifting from lecture and drill methods to an RME-based approach. Additionally, 50% of the participants successfully developed RME icebergs that integrated problems within the local cultural context of Magetan. The training evaluation indicated that over 50% of participants responded positively, showing increased knowledge about realistic mathematics and the application of culturally contextualized problems. The conclusion of this study asserts that the RME approach, especially when combined with local cultural context, is effective in enhancing mathematics teaching skills and enriching numeracy literacy among primary school teachers. The implications of this research suggest integrating RME into the primary school mathematics curriculum to develop critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration skills in students, in line with the demands of the 21st century

Comparison Of Primary School Teacher Training Program Music Lesson Contents And Primary School Music Lesson Contents

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de sınıf öğretmeni yetiştirme sürecinde geliştirilen/değiştirilen programlar kapsamında müzik derslerinin yeri, kredi, saat ve ders sayısı bakımından incelemektir. Araştırma betimsel nitelikte olup, veriler doküman analizi yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Doküman analizi sürecinde farklı yıllarda yürürlüğe giren Sınıf Öğretmenliği programlarında yer alan “müzik öğretimi” dersi ile ilkokul müzik dersi içerik ve kazanımları karşılaştırılarak ele alınmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenliği programına yönelik incelemede, 1998, 2007, 2018 programlarındaki ders tanımlarında meydana gelen değişiklikler tespit edilmiş ve 2018 programında sadece “müzik öğretimi” dersinin 2007 programındaki aynı tanım ile yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, İlkokul müzik dersi, kazanımları ve içerikleri bakımından “müzik öğretimi” dersi içeriğiyle karşılaştırılmış ve büyük oranda örtüştüğü görülmüştür. Ayrıca MEB ÖYGM tarafından hazırlanan öğretmen yeterlikleri içerisinde sınıf öğretmenliği alanına ilişkin müzik alanı incelenmiş ve bu yeterlikler kapsamında değerlendirildiğinde “müzik öğretimi” dersi ile örtüştüğü ortaya konmuştur. Tüm programlar ve yeterlikler büyük oranda örtüşmekle birlikte sınıf öğretmenliği programında yer alan müzik öğretimi dersini alacak öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerine bakılmadan bir dersin öğretimi dersini almalarının kredi ve saat bakımından uygulamada aksaklıklara neden olabileceği söylenebilir. Ayrıca ilkokul 1,2,3,4. sınıflardaki kazanımların gerçekleştirilmesi bakımından da aksaklıklar yaşanabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bütün bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda sınıf öğretmenliği programlarında müzik ders sayılarının, kredi ve saatlerinin artırılması, sınıf öğretmenliği programlarındaki öğrencilerinin yetenek ve hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerine göre seçmeli derslerle desteklenmeleri gerektiği, bu düzenlemeler yapılıncaya kadar ilkokul 1,2,3,4. sınıf müzik derslerine müzik branş öğretmenlerinin girmesi önerilmiştir.

DEVELOPMENT OF ASSESSMENT AND ANALYTICAL COMPETENCE OF PRIMARY CLASS TEACHERS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The article reveals the place of evaluative and analytical competence in the professional training of primary school teachers. The directions of previous research on the formation of the teacher's professional competence, in particular the development of evaluative and analytical competence, are indicated. It is noted that insufficient attention is paid to the development of assessment and analytical competence of primary school teachers in the process of professional training in institutions of higher education, so the topic needs to be studied. Examples of definitions of the evaluative and analytical competence of the teacher are given, the lack of a single approach to the interpretation of the defined concept is noted. The own definition of the assessment and analytical competence of the primary school teacher is formulated. An analysis of the professional standard was carried out for the professions «Teacher of primary classes of a general secondary education institution», «Teacher of a general secondary education institution», «Teacher of primary education (with a diploma of a junior specialist)», a study of the labor functions and professional competences of the teacher was carried out for the purpose of combining them with evaluative - analytical competence, on the basis of which the place of evaluative and analytical competence in the professional training of a teacher is determined. The analysis of the standard of higher education in the specialty 013 Primary education for the first (bachelor) level of higher education was carried out in relation to the implementation of issues of the development of evaluative and analytical competence of future teachers and educational and professional training programs for bachelors in the specialty 013 Primary education of ten pedagogical institutions of higher education of Ukraine, which occupy the highest positions in the consolidated rating of higher education institutions of Ukraine in 2023, on the subject of compliance with professional and educational standards and ensuring the formation of evaluative and analytical competence of graduates. According to the author, in most educational and professional programs, insufficient attention is paid to the development of the evaluation and analytical competence of future teachers, in particular the analytical component. The perspective of further research is the study of the Ukrainian and international experience of primary school teacher training and the development of recommendations for the development of the evaluative and analytical competence of future teachers in the process of their professional training in institutions of higher education.

Підготовка фахівців до роботи з дітьми в умовах інклюзивної освіти в загально­освітніх закладах України [Training of specialists to work with children in the conditions of inclusive education in general educational institutions of Ukraine].

The article proves the urgency of introducing inclusive education in general educational institutions; the system of vocational training of future primary school teachers in conditions of inclusive education is analyzed. The article actualizes that one of the prerequisites for Ukraine’s entry into a single European educational space is the introduction of European norms in education and science. The need for improving the Ukrainian education system, raising its level of quality is an important task, which is conditioned by the need to create positive conditions for the formation and realization of the student as a future professional and his personal self-realization. The solution of this problem is possible with the preparation of a future teacher with deep knowledge, has developed pedagogical abilities, perfect professional skills, professional self-awareness, pedagogical thinking, has the skills of self-education, self-improvement. Therefore, the formation of the readiness of the future teacher of an elementary school for professional work in modern conditions acquires special significance.

THE USE OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM TECHNOLOGY IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF ENGLISH IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

The relevance of the study stems from the change in the educational paradigm from traditional to information and communication using various computer technologies as a result of the global pandemic and martial law in Ukraine. The organisation of the educational process has undergone significant adjustments and updates, in particular, the introduction of blended learning in primary schools. The article explores and clarifies the concepts of "distance learning" and "blended learning" based on the views of various national and foreign scholars. The authors of the article focus on one of the types of blended learning – the method of "flipped learning" or "flipped classroom".&#x0D; The history of this approach and its improvement by various innovative teachers are analysed. In the course of the study, the definition of the concept of "flipped learning" is clarified and it is found that there are different forms of organising this type of learning. It has been proved that the pedagogical phenomenon of the "flipped classroom" as a form of teaching English in primary school has not received sufficient coverage in the system of professional training of future primary school teachers of English, so this topic is relevant.&#x0D; The article analyses the content of the concept of professional competence of an English teacher in primary school and finds out that its information component is of particular importance. In accordance with the requirements of professional standards, a graduate of the pedagogical profile should possess and operate the necessary information and communication techniques, including: the ability to apply various means of communication, use non-standard forms and techniques in solving pedagogical tasks in the classroom in online/offline modes. On the example of the training of the Masters of the Institute of Pedagogy of Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University in the speciality "Primary Education and English Language", examples of the use of the "flipped classroom" as a form of teaching various educational components were given: "Methods of teaching English in primary school", "Innovative technologies of teaching English", "Theory and practice of teaching a foreign language using information and communication technologies".

A Comparison of Primary School Teacher Training Systems in Türkiye, United States of America, England and South Korea

Bu çalışmada; Türkiye, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, İngiltere ve Güney Kore sınıf öğretmeni yetiştirme sistemlerini karşılaştırmak ve bu ülkelerin eğitim sistemlerindeki benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma bir karşılaştırmalı eğitim çalışmasıdır. Karşılaştırmalı eğitim araştırmaları; karşılaştırılan olgu, olay ve konuların farklı bakış açıları ile ele alınarak incelenmesini ve değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır. Araştırmada; ülkelerin sınıf öğretmeni yetiştirme sistemlerine dair yazılmış makalelerden, tezlerden, üniversitelerin resmi internet sitelerinde yer alan verilerden ve resmi dokümanlardan faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre üniversitelerin kabul koşulları incelendiğinde; ABD ve İngiltere’de lisans programına öğrenci kabul edilirken ortaöğretim not ortalaması ve mülakat sınavı dikkate alınmaktadır. ABD’de ayrıca referans mektubu, konuşma testi, kişilik testi ve fiziki sağlık raporu gibi kriterler bulunmaktadır. Ülkelerin göreve başlama kriterleri incelendiğinde; Türkiye, ABD, İngiltere ve Güney Kore’de göreve başlamak için lisans programından mezun olmak ve lisans diplomasına sahip olmak gerekmektedir. Türkiye, ABD ve Güney Kore’de göreve başlayacak öğretmenin seçiminde merkezi bir sınav yapılmaktadır. Türkiye ve Güney Kore’de merkezi sınava ek olarak öğretmen adaylarının kendini ifade etme ve iletişim becerilerinin de değerlendirildiği mülakat sınavı yapılmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarından yola çıkarak sınıf öğretmenliği lisans programında bulunan uygulamalı derslerin saatleri arttırılması önerilebilir.

Co-teaching among English pre-service teachers for integrated STEAM+CLIL education

In Spain, primary education teachers teaching subject matter in a foreign language through Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) require new pedagogical competencies. Teaching in a second language often poses problems, as many teachers have no specific training in CLIL and often wish to gain greater self-confidence when teaching some subjects, for example, Natural Sciences, in a foreign language. In that scenario, two general objectives are proposed in this study within the framework of pre-service CLIL teacher training: to examine the impact of a co-teaching programme on the development of the pedagogical competences of pre-service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers engaged in STEAM+CLIL integrated education; and 2) to study the impact of the programme on the perceived self-confidence of pre-service teachers when teaching CLIL. The results of this research involving three experimental cohorts of pre-service teachers showed an improvement in their pedagogical competencies at designing integrated STEAM+CLIL didactic units, compared to the respective control groups; and an increase in their perceived self-confidence when teaching EFL through CLIL. These results point towards an alternative pathway for primary school teacher training in a foreign language, particularly English. FUNDING INFORMATION. This research was funded by the European Commission which financed the research project STEAM Education and Foreign Language Learning in Europe - SeLFIE (2020-1-ES01-KA201-081850).

Teachers’ learning driven by “multi-subject needs”: Implication, mode and strategies

Under the influence of the concept of lifelong learning, teachers’ learning has become the main paradigm of teacher development. The traditional training for primary and secondary school teachers often pays too much attention to the transmission of theories and ignores the practical needs of teachers, resulting in the dilemma of low learning efficiency and poor effect. In order to break through the current learning dilemma of primary and secondary school teachers and meet the needs of students’ growth and long-term development of schools, on the basis of clarifying the basic implication of teacher learning driven by “multi-subject needs”, this paper introduces the Activity Theory to discuss the implications of teacher learning, constructs the teacher learning mode driven by “multi-subject needs,” and analyzes the operating mechanism of this learning mode. In order to promote the effective operation of this mode, teachers should set up the concept of lifelong learning, adhere to the self-orientation of learning, and pay attention to learning reflection. The school level should create a cultural atmosphere for teachers’ learning, make clear the purpose of teachers’ learning, let teachers’ pay attention to the practical situation, and make teachers’ learning become a normal activity.

Awareness and Confidence of Vietnamese Primary School Teachers towards STEM-Integrated Teaching Approach

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has been piloted by the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training for primary school teachers since 2022. This research aims to evaluate awareness, confidence and the correlation between those variables with the demographic factors of Vietnamese elementary school teachers after nearly a year of implementing integrated STEM teaching. This study used a questionnaire survey method consisting of 30 items on a 5-point Likert scale for 148 elementary school teachers in the Central and Central Highlands of Vietnam. Data was analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics results showed that Vietnamese elementary school teachers have good awareness but lack confidence in STEM-integrated teaching. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between teachers’ awareness, confidence, and some demographic factors (educational level, work area). The outcomes of the one-way ANOVA analysis revealed a positive correlation: increased levels of teachers’ education corresponded to heightened awareness and confidence in STEM-integrated teaching. Additionally, teachers located in urban areas demonstrated greater awareness and confidence compared to their counterparts in rural countryside and highland areas.. Some recommendations to increase awareness and improve confidence in teaching STEM integration for Vietnamese elementary school teachers are presented at discuss session.

TaRL-Based Differentiated Learning Model Training for Primary School Teachers in Independent Curriculum Implementation

&lt;p&gt;Tujuan utama dari usaha pelayanan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman guru terhadap pembelajaran yang berbeda, khususnya melalui pemanfaatan kerangka pedagogi Teaching at The Right Level (TaRL), dan meningkatkan keahlian mereka dalam pembuatan modul pedagogis. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk pengabdian ini melibatkan strategi pedagogis yang beragam, mencakup sesi-sesi didaktik, diskusi interaktif, dan peluang pembelajaran berdasarkan pengalaman yang diselenggarakan melalui latihan dan kegiatan pembimbingan terstruktur. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kombinasi kuesioner peserta dan kurasi dokumen-dokumen instruksional yang relevan. Kegiatan ini berlangsung selama dua hari, yang mencakup urutan komponen instruksional yaitu: (1) eksplorasi komprehensif terhadap prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran yang berbeda dan pendekatan pedagogi TaRL, (2) pemeriksaan mendalam terhadap metodologi dan teknik pembelajaran yang berbeda dan TaRL, dan (3) panduan komprehensif dalam merumuskan sumber daya pedagogis yang didukung oleh pendekatan TaRL. Hasil dari intervensi pedagogis ini telah menghasilkan peningkatan yang dapat dilihat dalam pemahaman guru terhadap pembelajaran yang berbeda dan pendekatan TaRL. Terutama, analisis kuantitatif dari data yang terkumpul menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan secara statistik dalam skor rata-rata sebelum pelatihan, dengan skor rata-rata awal sebesar 50,50, meningkat menjadi 80,62 setelah pelatihan. Selain itu, sejumlah besar guru telah menunjukkan kemampuan dalam merancang modul pengajaran.&lt;/p&gt;

캄보디아와 한국의 초등교사양성제도 비교연구

[Research purpose]This study compares primary school teacher training systems in Cambodia and Korea, aiming to provide insights for future reforms in Cambodia.&#x0D; [Methodology]Through a literature review, an analysis, and a survey of Cambodian educators, we identify similarities and differences in the development processes of the two systems.&#x0D; [Results]Cambodia's system resembles Korea's during the 1980s and 1990s, reflecting transitions to four-year university-level training. However, challenges persist in Cambodia's system, with limitations in evaluating candidate’s teaching suitability, curriculum adaptability, and a loose certification and recruitment framework. Survey responses from Cambodian educators express positivity towards the implications drawn from the study.&#x0D; [Conclusion]The study recommends gradual reforms in Cambodia, emphasizing removing traditional testing and curriculum components and integrating competence-based elements, mirroring Korea's successful trajectory.

Landscape Education Two Decades after the European Landscape Convention—A Study with Trainee Teachers

The European Landscape Convention promotes the protection, management and planning of landscapes and organises international co-operation on landscape issues. Member states committed to implement measures such as promoting social education about landscapes. The convention stated that, although it was part of the education curricula in some countries, landscape education was to be expanded from a multidisciplinary perspective. The Education Act in force in Spain in 2008 (LOE, 2007), when the convention was ratified, included landscape in the syllabus, but not from as broad a perspective as that reflected in the ELC. Later education reforms have gradually increased the presence of the landscape in school curricula. This study examines landscape-related knowledge and awareness among current trainee primary school teachers, whose whole education has occurred under the umbrella of the ELC. This aims to assess whether the ELC’s targets have been met in terms of social awareness of landscape issues. A mixed questionnaire was designed, validated, and implemented in a sample of 322 students studying subjects related to the teaching of geography. The answers were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results reflect poor landscape-related knowledge and awareness, suggesting that the educational measures implemented since the ratification of the ELC have not been successful.